The Horse in Motion / Sallie Gardner at Gallop (1878) FILM FULL VIDEO
Release Date: June 19, 1878
Country of Origin: USA
Eadweard Muybridge created a set of cabinet cards called The Horse in Motion. Each card features six to twelve "automatic electro-photographs" that represent different stages of a horse's movement, captured in June 1878. The single image of the horse "Occident" trotting quickly, which had already been published in 1877, was replicated on another card. The Sallie Gardner by Eadweard Muybridge version was released on June 19, 1878 about four days after the original shot film Abe Edgington horse driven by C. Marving rotting at a 2-24 gait over the Palo Alto track released on June 15, 1878
The series became the first instance of chronophotography, an early technique for taking pictures of time that was primarily employed to record the many stages of movement for scientific research. It constituted a crucial phase in the evolution of motion pictures. One of the cards has even been referred to be "the world's first bit of cinema" and is frequently retitled Sallie Gardner at a Gallop. From 1880 to 1895, Muybridge used his Zoopraxiscope to project moving images from his photographs, although these were painted on discs, and his technique was no more sophisticated than that of other people's earlier attempts (such as those made by Franz von Uchatius in 1853).
Leland Stanford, an industrialist, former governor of California, and horseman with an interest in horse gait research, commissioned Muybridge's work. Stanford wanted to provide scientific evidence to support his own belief that modern portrayals of running horses were inaccurate.
The Horse in Motion, Stanford's book on the project, was released in 1882. It included roughly 100 plates of silhouettes based on the images and an analysis written by his friend and doctor, J.D.B. Stillman.
Up until his retirement in 1896, Muybridge maintained his chronophotographic research at the University of Pennsylvania, published the findings as Animal Locomotion in 1887, and continued to give lectures about his work around the US and Europe.
Sources:
Nail, Thomas (2019). Theory of the Image. Oxford University Press. p. 279. ISBN 978-0190924058. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
Viscomi, Rick; Davies, Andy; Duran, Marcel (2015). Using WebPageTest: Web Performance Testing for Novices and Power Users. O'Reilly Media, Inc. ISBN 978-1491902806.
Berman, Bob (October 2, 2014). Zoom: How Everything Moves, from Atoms and Galaxies to Blizzards and Bees. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 978-1-78074-550-3.
Lipton, Lenny (April 7, 2021). The Cinema in Flux: The Evolution of Motion Picture Technology from the Magic Lantern to the Digital Era. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-1-0716-0951-4.
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